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1 Manufacturers Railway Company
Railway term: MRSУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Manufacturers Railway Company
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2 Manufacturers' Junction Railway Company
Railway term: MJУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Manufacturers' Junction Railway Company
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3 MRS
1) Общая лексика: Market Research Society2) Медицина: (magnetic resonance signal) МРС (МР-сигнал), Modified Rogers Scale3) Военный термин: Map Rating System, Military Railway Service, Military Representative, Standing Group, Movement and Reinforcement Study, maintenance reporting system, major relay station, management and reporting system, management review system, manned repeater station, maritime reconnaissance system, master repair schedule, master-sergeant, material request summary, material routing slip, materiel repair system, maximum refusal speed, mechanical repair shop, medical reception station, memo routing slip, mission-related software, mobilization requirements study, mobilization reserve stocks, monorail system, movement report sheet, movement report system, multiple rocket system, multirole system4) Техника: magnetic resonance spectroscopy, malfunction reporting system, manipulator repair shop, manufacturer's record sheet, microwave radiometer spacecraft, microwave radiometric sensor, moment repose switch, Max Response Spectrum5) Религия: Mixed Race Sinner6) Метеорология: Miniature Rawinsonde System7) Железнодорожный термин: Manufacturers Railway Company8) Экономика: предельная норма замещения (marginal rate of substitution), предельная норма замещения блага9) Грубое выражение: M Rosenblatt Son10) Оптика: Materials Research Society11) Сокращение: Manpack Receiving System, Medium Range Surveillance, Merchandise Return Service, Mission Rehearsal System, Mobile Reception System, Mobility Requirements Study, Muzzle Reference System, manned reconnaissance satellite, master radar station, multifunction reporting system, multiple reusable spacecraft12) Вычислительная техника: Media Recognition System (DAT)13) Нефть: marine regulation sheet, мастерская по ремонту механического оборудования (mechanical repair shop), система сигнализации о нарушении работоспособности (malfunction reporting system)14) СМИ: Music Recording Service15) Деловая лексика: Marginal Rate Of Substitution, Mid Range Services16) SAP. Планирование ресурсов (Multi Resource Scheduling)17) Сетевые технологии: Message Routing System18) Полимеры: минимальная длительная прочность19) Автоматика: metareasoning system20) Химическое оружие: Monitored Retrievable Storage, modular robot system21) Макаров: magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MR spectroscopy22) Расширение файла: Media Recognition System, Macro Resource file (WordPerfect for Win) -
4 Mrs
1) Общая лексика: Market Research Society2) Медицина: (magnetic resonance signal) МРС (МР-сигнал), Modified Rogers Scale3) Военный термин: Map Rating System, Military Railway Service, Military Representative, Standing Group, Movement and Reinforcement Study, maintenance reporting system, major relay station, management and reporting system, management review system, manned repeater station, maritime reconnaissance system, master repair schedule, master-sergeant, material request summary, material routing slip, materiel repair system, maximum refusal speed, mechanical repair shop, medical reception station, memo routing slip, mission-related software, mobilization requirements study, mobilization reserve stocks, monorail system, movement report sheet, movement report system, multiple rocket system, multirole system4) Техника: magnetic resonance spectroscopy, malfunction reporting system, manipulator repair shop, manufacturer's record sheet, microwave radiometer spacecraft, microwave radiometric sensor, moment repose switch, Max Response Spectrum5) Религия: Mixed Race Sinner6) Метеорология: Miniature Rawinsonde System7) Железнодорожный термин: Manufacturers Railway Company8) Экономика: предельная норма замещения (marginal rate of substitution), предельная норма замещения блага9) Грубое выражение: M Rosenblatt Son10) Оптика: Materials Research Society11) Сокращение: Manpack Receiving System, Medium Range Surveillance, Merchandise Return Service, Mission Rehearsal System, Mobile Reception System, Mobility Requirements Study, Muzzle Reference System, manned reconnaissance satellite, master radar station, multifunction reporting system, multiple reusable spacecraft12) Вычислительная техника: Media Recognition System (DAT)13) Нефть: marine regulation sheet, мастерская по ремонту механического оборудования (mechanical repair shop), система сигнализации о нарушении работоспособности (malfunction reporting system)14) СМИ: Music Recording Service15) Деловая лексика: Marginal Rate Of Substitution, Mid Range Services16) SAP. Планирование ресурсов (Multi Resource Scheduling)17) Сетевые технологии: Message Routing System18) Полимеры: минимальная длительная прочность19) Автоматика: metareasoning system20) Химическое оружие: Monitored Retrievable Storage, modular robot system21) Макаров: magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MR spectroscopy22) Расширение файла: Media Recognition System, Macro Resource file (WordPerfect for Win) -
5 mRS
1) Общая лексика: Market Research Society2) Медицина: (magnetic resonance signal) МРС (МР-сигнал), Modified Rogers Scale3) Военный термин: Map Rating System, Military Railway Service, Military Representative, Standing Group, Movement and Reinforcement Study, maintenance reporting system, major relay station, management and reporting system, management review system, manned repeater station, maritime reconnaissance system, master repair schedule, master-sergeant, material request summary, material routing slip, materiel repair system, maximum refusal speed, mechanical repair shop, medical reception station, memo routing slip, mission-related software, mobilization requirements study, mobilization reserve stocks, monorail system, movement report sheet, movement report system, multiple rocket system, multirole system4) Техника: magnetic resonance spectroscopy, malfunction reporting system, manipulator repair shop, manufacturer's record sheet, microwave radiometer spacecraft, microwave radiometric sensor, moment repose switch, Max Response Spectrum5) Религия: Mixed Race Sinner6) Метеорология: Miniature Rawinsonde System7) Железнодорожный термин: Manufacturers Railway Company8) Экономика: предельная норма замещения (marginal rate of substitution), предельная норма замещения блага9) Грубое выражение: M Rosenblatt Son10) Оптика: Materials Research Society11) Сокращение: Manpack Receiving System, Medium Range Surveillance, Merchandise Return Service, Mission Rehearsal System, Mobile Reception System, Mobility Requirements Study, Muzzle Reference System, manned reconnaissance satellite, master radar station, multifunction reporting system, multiple reusable spacecraft12) Вычислительная техника: Media Recognition System (DAT)13) Нефть: marine regulation sheet, мастерская по ремонту механического оборудования (mechanical repair shop), система сигнализации о нарушении работоспособности (malfunction reporting system)14) СМИ: Music Recording Service15) Деловая лексика: Marginal Rate Of Substitution, Mid Range Services16) SAP. Планирование ресурсов (Multi Resource Scheduling)17) Сетевые технологии: Message Routing System18) Полимеры: минимальная длительная прочность19) Автоматика: metareasoning system20) Химическое оружие: Monitored Retrievable Storage, modular robot system21) Макаров: magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MR spectroscopy22) Расширение файла: Media Recognition System, Macro Resource file (WordPerfect for Win) -
6 Judson, Whitcomb L.
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. 1891–1905 USA[br]American inventor of the zip fastener.[br]Whitcomb Judson was a mechanical engineer by profession. He filed his first patent application for a zip fastener in 1891 and took out a fifth in 1905. His invention was originally designed for shoes and consisted of separate fasteners with two interlocking parts which could be fastened either by hand or by a movable guide. In his last patent, he clamped the fastening elements to the edge of a fabric tape and patented a machine for manufacturing this. Through an earlier exploit, the Judson Pneumatic Street Railway Company, Judson knew Colonel Lewis Walker, who helped him to organize the Universal Fastener Company of Chicago to manufacture these fasteners, which at first were made by hand. One machine invented by Judson proved to be too complicated, but Judson's later fasteners were easier to adapt to machine production. The original company was reorganized as the Automatic Hook and Eye Company of Hoboken, New Jersey, and the new fasteners were sold under the name "C-curity". However, the garment manufacturers would not use them at first because the fasteners had defects, such as springing open at unexpected moments. The Automatic Hook and Eye Company brought in Gideon Sundback, who improved Judson's work and made the zip fastener successful.[br]Further ReadingJ.Jewkes, D.Sawyers and R.Stillerman, 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd edn, London (for an account of the invention).I.McNeil (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge, pp. 852–3 (provides a brief account of fastenings).RLH -
7 MJ
1) Компьютерная техника: Media Java, Mini Java2) Спорт: Michael Jordan3) Военный термин: Metal Jacket, major lobe, military judge4) Техника: modular jammer5) Шутливое выражение: Mental Jacker, Mighty Jack6) Железнодорожный термин: Manufacturers' Junction Railway Company7) Грубое выражение: Major Jerkoff, Mouth Job8) Сокращение: Mega Joule (used to denote muzzle energy of guns), mastic joint, megajoule (energy)9) Вычислительная техника: Modular Jack10) Фирменный знак: Magical Journeys11) Деловая лексика: Magnificent Job12) Имена и фамилии: Mark Johnson, Mary jane, Mattie Johnson, Michael Jackson13) НАСА: The Mass Of Jupiter -
8 mJ
1) Компьютерная техника: Media Java, Mini Java2) Спорт: Michael Jordan3) Военный термин: Metal Jacket, major lobe, military judge4) Техника: modular jammer5) Шутливое выражение: Mental Jacker, Mighty Jack6) Железнодорожный термин: Manufacturers' Junction Railway Company7) Грубое выражение: Major Jerkoff, Mouth Job8) Сокращение: Mega Joule (used to denote muzzle energy of guns), mastic joint, megajoule (energy)9) Вычислительная техника: Modular Jack10) Фирменный знак: Magical Journeys11) Деловая лексика: Magnificent Job12) Имена и фамилии: Mark Johnson, Mary jane, Mattie Johnson, Michael Jackson13) НАСА: The Mass Of Jupiter -
9 mj
1) Компьютерная техника: Media Java, Mini Java2) Спорт: Michael Jordan3) Военный термин: Metal Jacket, major lobe, military judge4) Техника: modular jammer5) Шутливое выражение: Mental Jacker, Mighty Jack6) Железнодорожный термин: Manufacturers' Junction Railway Company7) Грубое выражение: Major Jerkoff, Mouth Job8) Сокращение: Mega Joule (used to denote muzzle energy of guns), mastic joint, megajoule (energy)9) Вычислительная техника: Modular Jack10) Фирменный знак: Magical Journeys11) Деловая лексика: Magnificent Job12) Имена и фамилии: Mark Johnson, Mary jane, Mattie Johnson, Michael Jackson13) НАСА: The Mass Of Jupiter -
10 Sprague, Frank Julian
[br]b. 25 July 1857 Milford, Connecticut, USAd. 25 October 1934 New York, USA[br]American electrical engineer and inventor, a leading innovator in electric propulsion systems for urban transport.[br]Graduating from the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, in 1878, Sprague served at sea and with various shore establishments. In 1883 he resigned from the Navy and obtained employment with the Edison Company; but being convinced that the use of electricity for motive power was as important as that for illumination, in 1884 he founded the Sprague Electric Railway and Motor Company. Sprague began to develop reliable and efficient motors in large sizes, marketing 15 hp (11 kW) examples by 1885. He devised the method of collecting current by using a wooden, spring-loaded rod to press a roller against the underside of an overhead wire. The installation by Sprague in 1888 of a street tramway on a large scale in Richmond, Virginia, was to become the prototype of the universally adopted trolley system with overhead conductor and the beginning of commercial electric traction. Following the success of the Richmond tramway the company equipped sixty-seven other railways before its merger with Edison General Electric in 1890. The Sprague traction motor supported on the axle of electric streetcars and flexibly mounted to the bogie set a pattern that was widely adopted for many years.Encouraged by successful experiments with multiple-sheave electric elevators, the Sprague Elevator Company was formed and installed the first set of high-speed passenger cars in 1893–4. These effectively displaced hydraulic elevators in larger buildings. From experience with control systems for these, he developed his system of multiple-unit control for electric trains, which other engineers had considered impracticable. In Sprague's system, a master controller situated in the driver's cab operated electrically at a distance the contactors and reversers which controlled the motors distributed down the train. After years of experiment, Sprague's multiple-unit control was put into use for the first time in 1898 by the Chicago South Side Elevated Railway: within fifteen years multiple-unit operation was used worldwide.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1892–3. Franklin Institute Elliot Cresson Medal 1904, Franklin Medal 1921. American Institute of Electrical Engineers Edison Medal 1910.Bibliography1888, "The solution of municipal rapid transit", Trans. AIEE 5:352–98. See "The multiple unit system for electric railways", Cassiers Magazine, (1899) London, repub. 1960, 439–460.1934, "Digging in “The Mines of the Motor”", Electrical Engineering 53, New York: 695–706 (a short autobiography).Further ReadingLionel Calisch, 1913, Electric Traction, London: The Locomotive Publishing Co., Ch. 6 (for a near-contemporary view of Sprague's multiple-unit control).D.C.Jackson, 1934, "Frank Julian Sprague", Scientific Monthly 57:431–41.H.C.Passer, 1952, "Frank Julian Sprague: father of electric traction", in Men of Business, ed. W. Miller, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 212–37 (a reliable account).——1953, The Electrical Manufacturers: 1875–1900, Cambridge, Mass. P.Ransome-Wallis (ed.), 1959, The Concise Encyclopaedia of World RailwayLocomotives, London: Hutchinson, p. 143..John Marshall, 1978, A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.GW / PJGR -
11 Fox, Sir Charles
[br]b. 11 March 1810 Derby, Englandd. 14 June 1874 Blackheath, London, England[br]English railway engineer, builder of Crystal Palace, London.[br]Fox was a pupil of John Ericsson, helped to build the locomotive Novelty, and drove it at the Rainhill Trials in 1829. He became a driver on the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway and then a pupil of Robert Stephenson, who appointed him an assistant engineer for construction of the southern part of the London \& Birmingham Railway, opened in 1837. He was probably responsible for the design of the early bow-string girder bridge which carried the railway over the Regent's Canal. He also invented turnouts with switch blades, i.e. "points". With Robert Stephenson he designed the light iron train sheds at Euston Station, a type of roof that was subsequently much used elsewhere. He then became a partner in Fox, Henderson \& Co., railway contractors and manufacturers of railway equipment and bridges. The firm built the Crystal Palace in London for the Great Exhibition of 1851: Fox did much of the detail design work personally and was subsequently knighted. It also built many station roofs, including that at Paddington. From 1857 Fox was in practice in London as a consulting engineer in partnership with his sons, Charles Douglas Fox and Francis Fox. Sir Charles Fox became an advocate of light and narrow-gauge railways, although he was opposed to break-of-gauge unless it was unavoidable. He was joint Engineer for the Indian Tramway Company, building the first narrow-gauge (3 ft 6 in. or 107 cm) railway in India, opened in 1865, and his firm was Consulting Engineer for the first railways in Queensland, Australia, built to the same gauge at the same period on recommendation of Government Engineer A.C.Fitzgibbon.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1851.Further ReadingObituary, 1875, Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 39:264.F.Fox, 1904, River, Road, and Rail, John Murray, Ch. 1 (personal reminiscences by his son).L.T.C.Rolt, 1970, Victorian Engineering, London: Allen Lane.PJGR -
12 Simms, Frederick
[br]b. 1863 Hamburg, Germany d. 1944[br]English engineer and entrepreneur who imported the first internal combustion engines into Britain.[br]Simms was born of English parents in Hamburg. He met Gottlieb Daimler at an exhibition in Bremen in 1890, where he had gone to exhibit an aerial cableway that he had designed to provide passenger transport over rivers and valleys; in the previous year, he had invented and patented an automatic railway ticket machine, the principle of which is still in use worldwide. He obtained a licence to develop the Daimler engine throughout the British Empire (excluding Canada). He had great trouble in arranging any demonstration of the Daimler engine as authorities were afraid of the risk of fire and explosion with petroleum spirit, particularly at indoor venues. He succeeded eventually in operating a boat with an internal combustion engine between Charing Cross and Westminster piers on the River Thames in 1891. He then rented space under a railway arch at Putney Bridge station for installing Daimler engines in boats. With Sir David Salomans he was responsible for organizing the first motor show in Britain in 1895; four cars were on show. Simms became a director of the main Daimler company, and was a consultant to the Coventry Daimler Company. He was the founder of the Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland, a forerunner of the Royal Automobile Club (RAC), as well as the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders.[br]Further ReadingE.Johnson, 1986, The Dawn of Motoring, London: Mercedes-Benz UK Ltd.IMcN -
13 Thomson, Elihu
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 29 March 1853 Manchester, Englandd. 13 March 1937 Swampscott, Massachusetts, USA[br]English (naturalized) American electrical engineer and inventor.[br]Thomson accompanied his parents to Philadelphia in 1858; he received his education at the Central High School there, and afterwards remained as a teacher of chemistry. At this time he constructed several dynamos after studying their design, and was invited by the Franklin Institute to give lectures on the subject. After observing an arc-lighting system operating commercially in Paris in 1878, he collaborated with Edwin J. Houston, a senior colleague at the Central High School, in working out the details of such a system. An automatic regulating device was designed which, by altering the position of the brushes on the dynamo commutator, maintained a constant current irrespective of the number of lamps in use. To overcome the problem of commutation at the high voltages necessary to operate up to forty arc lamps in a series circuit, Thomson contrived a centrifugal blower which suppressed sparking. The resulting system was efficient and reliable with low operating costs. Thomson's invention of the motor meter in 1882 was the first of many such instruments for the measurement of electrical energy. In 1886 he invented electric resistance welding using low-voltage alternating current derived from a transformer of his own design. Thomson's work is recorded in his technical papers and in the 700plus patents granted for his inventions.The American Electric Company, founded to exploit the Thomson patents, later became the Thomson-Houston Company, which was destined to be a leader in the electrical manufacturing industry. They entered the field of electric power in 1887, supplying railway equipment and becoming a major innovator of electric railways. Thomson-Houston and Edison General Electric were consolidated to form General Electric in 1892. Thomson remained associated with this company throughout his career.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier and Officier de la Légion d'honneur 1889. American Academy of Arts and Sciences Rumford Medal 1901. American Institute of Electrical Engineers Edison Medal 1909. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1916. Institution of Electrical Engineers Kelvin Medal 1923, Faraday Medal 1927.Bibliography1934, "Some highlights of electrical history", Electrical Engineering 53:758–67 (autobiography).Further ReadingD.O.Woodbury, 1944, Beloved Scientist, New York (a full biography). H.C.Passer, 1953, The Electrical Manufacturers: 1875–1900, Cambridge, Mass, (describes Thomson's industrial contribution).K.T.Compton, 1940, Biographical Memoirs of Elihu Thomson, Washington, DCovides an abridged list of Thomson's papers and patents).GW -
14 Fowler, John
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 11 July 1826 Melksham, Wiltshire, Englandd. 4 December 1864 Ackworth, Yorkshire, England[br]English engineer and inventor who developed a steam-powered system of mole land drainage, and a two-engined system of land cultivation, founding the Steam Plough Works in Leeds.[br]The son of a Quaker merchant, John Fowler entered the business of a county corn merchant on leaving school, but he found this dull and left as soon as he came of age, joining the Middlesbrough company of Gilkes, Wilson \& Hopkins, railway locomotive manufacturers. In 1849, at the age of 23, Fowler visited Ireland and was so distressed by the state of Irish agriculture that he determined to develop a system to deal with the drainage of land. He designed an implement which he patented in 1850 after a period of experimentation. It was able to lay wooden pipes to a depth of two feet, and was awarded the Silver Medal at the 1850 Royal Agriculture Show. By 1854, using a steam engine made by Clayton \& Shuttleworth, he had applied steam power to his invention and gained another award that year at the Royal Show. The following year he turned his attention to steam ploughing. He first developed a single-engined system that used a double windlass with which to haul a plough backwards and forwards across fields. In 1856 he patented his balance plough, and the following year he read a paper to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers at their Birmingham premises, describing the system. In 1858 he won the Royal Agricultural Society award with a plough built for him by Ransomes. Fowler founded the Steam Plough Works in Leeds and in 1862 production began in partnership with William Watson Hewitson. Within two years they were producing the first of a series of engines which were to make the name Fowler known worldwide. John Fowler saw little of his success because he died in 1864 at his Yorkshire home as a result of tetanus contracted after a riding accident.[br]Further ReadingM.Lane, 1980, The Story of the Steam Plough Works, Northgate Publishing (provides biographical details of John Fowler, but is mostly concerned with the company that he founded).AP -
15 Beyer, Charles Frederick
[br]b. 14 May 1813 Plauen, Saxony, Germanyd. 2 June 1876 Llantysilio, Denbighshire, Wales[br]German (naturalized British in 1852) engineer, founder of locomotive builders Beyer, Peacock \& Co.[br]Beyer came from a family of poor weavers, but showed talent as an artist and draftsman and was educated at Dresden Polytechnic School. He was sent to England in 1834 to report on improvements in cotton spinning machinery and settled in Manchester, working for the machinery manufacturers Sharp Roberts \& Co., initially as a draftsman. When the firm started to build locomotives he moved to this side of the business. The Institution of Mechanical Engineers was founded at his house in 1847. In 1853 Beyer entered into a partnership with Richard Peacock, Locomotive Engineer to the Manchester, Sheffield \& Lincolnshire Railway, and Henry Robertson to establish Beyer, Peacock \& Co. The company soon established a reputation for soundly designed, elegant locomotives: it exported worldwide, and survived until the 1960s.[br]Further ReadingObituary, 1877, Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 47. R.L.Hills, 1967–8 "Some contributions to locomotive development by Beyer, Peacock \& Co.", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 40 (a good description of Beyer, Peacock \& Co's locomotive work).See also: Garratt, Herbert WilliamPJGRBiographical history of technology > Beyer, Charles Frederick
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16 Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
[br]b. 26 January 1885 London, Englandd. 18 May 1974 Graffham, Sussex, England[br]English mechanical engineer; researcher, designer and developer of internal combustion engines.[br]Harry Ricardo was the eldest child and only son of Halsey Ricardo (architect) and Catherine Rendel (daughter of Alexander Rendel, senior partner in the firm of consulting civil engineers that later became Rendel, Palmer and Tritton). He was educated at Rugby School and at Cambridge. While still at school, he designed and made a steam engine to drive his bicycle, and by the time he went up to Cambridge in 1903 he was a skilled craftsman. At Cambridge, he made a motor cycle powered by a petrol engine of his own design, and with this he won a fuel-consumption competition by covering almost 40 miles (64 km) on a quart (1.14 1) of petrol. This brought him to the attention of Professor Bertram Hopkinson, who invited him to help with research on turbulence and pre-ignition in internal combustion engines. After leaving Cambridge in 1907, he joined his grandfather's firm and became head of the design department for mechanical equipment used in civil engineering. In 1916 he was asked to help with the problem of loading tanks on to railway trucks. He was then given the task of designing and organizing the manufacture of engines for tanks, and the success of this enterprise encouraged him to set up his own establishment at Shoreham, devoted to research on, and design and development of, internal combustion engines.Leading on from the work with Hopkinson were his discoveries on the suppression of detonation in spark-ignition engines. He noted that the current paraffinic fuels were more prone to detonation than the aromatics, which were being discarded as they did not comply with the existing specifications because of their high specific gravity. He introduced the concepts of "highest useful compression ratio" (HUCR) and "toluene number" for fuel samples burned in a special variable compression-ratio engine. The toluene number was the proportion of toluene in heptane that gave the same HUCR as the fuel sample. Later, toluene was superseded by iso-octane to give the now familiar octane rating. He went on to improve the combustion in side-valve engines by increasing turbulence, shortening the flame path and minimizing the clearance between piston and head by concentrating the combustion space over the valves. By these means, the compression ratio could be increased to that used by overhead-valve engines before detonation intervened. The very hot poppet valve restricted the advancement of all internal combustion engines, so he turned his attention to eliminating it by use of the single sleeve-valve, this being developed with support from the Air Ministry. By the end of the Second World War some 130,000 such aero-engines had been built by Bristol, Napier and Rolls-Royce before the piston aero-engine was superseded by the gas turbine of Whittle. He even contributed to the success of the latter by developing a fuel control system for it.Concurrent with this was work on the diesel engine. He designed and developed the engine that halved the fuel consumption of London buses. He invented and perfected the "Comet" series of combustion chambers for diesel engines, and the Company was consulted by the vast majority of international internal combustion engine manufacturers. He published and lectured widely and fully deserved his many honours; he was elected FRS in 1929, was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1944–5 and was knighted in 1948. This shy and modest, though very determined man was highly regarded by all who came into contact with him. It was said that research into internal combustion engines, his family and boats constituted all that he would wish from life.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1948. FRS 1929. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1944–5.Bibliography1968, Memo \& Machines. The Pattern of My Life, London: Constable.Further ReadingSir William Hawthorne, 1976, "Harry Ralph Ricardo", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 22.JBBiographical history of technology > Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
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